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Using a VPN is a terrific way to protect your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a rear door to get beyond the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI needed to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a rear door or comparable hack is different, it will become a goal, a decoration for the bad guys. It will flow sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update them, but the poor guys can't get in either. .

All of the products in this roundup explicitly state they have no back door, and that is as it ought to be. It will mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, then you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to keep a document key you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a safe. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel those options.

One sort of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of themselves. Another creates a virtual disc drive that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, each the files you put into it's entirely inaccessible. .

Like the digital drive solution, some products save your encrypted information in the cloud. This approach requires extreme caution, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a much larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It really depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial offered by each of those products to have a sense of the different options.

After you copy a file into secure storage, or create an encrypted version of it, you definitely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you bypass the Recycle Bin, because the information still exists on disc, and data retrieval utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products prevent this issue by encrypting the file in location, literally overwriting it on disk with an encrypted version. It's more common, though, to provide safe deletion as an option. If you select a product that lacks this feature, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based recovery tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery works because the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known data and reading around the borders of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, image, or other file into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back via the box, using the same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has depended on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one the merchandise accumulated here service AES. Even the ones that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption expert, you might prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or the Soviet government's read more GOST. For the typical user, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you receive two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, register it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you like. The other is private, and needs to be closely guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can create a digital signature that proves your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The fact that your public key decrypts it is all the proof you need. click here for info PKI support is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a document with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.